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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Nucleation in polymers and soft matter.

Xiaofei Xu1, Christina L Ting, Isamu Kusaka

  • 1Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125;

Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
|April 3, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers recent theoretical advances in nucleation, a key process in polymers and soft matter. We explore new methods and physics for understanding nucleation in diverse systems like polymer blends and lipid membranes.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nucleation is a fundamental process across physical, chemical, and biological sciences.
  • Understanding nucleation is crucial for controlling material properties and biological functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent theoretical progress in nucleation studies of polymeric fluids and soft matter.
  • To highlight methodological advancements and novel physical insights in nucleation research.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical studies of nucleation phenomena.
  • Analysis of diverse soft matter systems including polymer blends, block copolymers, and lipid membranes.
  • Methodological development for nucleation simulation and theory.

Main Results:

  • Recent theoretical advancements provide deeper understanding of nucleation mechanisms.
  • Novel insights into nucleation behavior in complex systems like polymer blends and lipid membranes.
  • Identification of new physical phenomena governing nucleation in soft matter.

Conclusions:

  • Theoretical studies are essential for unraveling complex nucleation processes.
  • Continued methodological development will drive future discoveries in soft matter nucleation.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge and points to new research directions in nucleation science.