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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Noninvasive Electrocardiography in the Perinatal Mouse

Noninvasive Electrocardiography in the Perinatal Mouse

Published on: June 12, 2020

The electrocardiogram in Down syndrome.

Milagros Caro¹, Diego Conde¹, Andrés R Pérez-Riera²

¹1Department of Cardiology,Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires,Buenos Aires,Argentina.

Cardiology in the Young

|April 3, 2014

Summary

Down syndrome, a common chromosomal abnormality, is linked to heart disease. Analyzing the 12-lead ECG can help detect cardiac issues in affected individuals.

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Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Noninvasive Electrocardiography in the Perinatal Mouse

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Published on: June 12, 2020

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2021

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Genetics
Pediatrics

Background:

Down syndrome is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality, affecting 1 in 650 live births.
Cardiac disease is a primary cause of mortality in infants with Down syndrome.
Surface electrocardiography (ECG) can reveal cardiac abnormalities in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review published literature on surface ECG findings.
To analyze cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities in patients with Down syndrome.
To provide a resource for clinicians managing these patients.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of published studies.
Analysis of surface 12-lead ECG data.
Review of cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities.

Main Results:

The 12-lead ECG is a valuable tool for suspecting cardiac abnormalities in Down syndrome.
Specific ECG patterns are associated with common cardiac conditions in this population.
A comprehensive understanding of ECG findings aids in early diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

Surface ECG analysis is crucial for identifying cardiac issues in Down syndrome.
This systematic review consolidates current knowledge on ECG abnormalities.
Early detection and management of cardiac conditions improve outcomes for individuals with Down syndrome.