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Reinforced concrete is a composite material used extensively in construction, combining the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel. This synergy is essential as concrete, while excellent at resisting compression, is weak under tension. Steel bars, or rebars, are embedded in the concrete to handle these tensile forces. The choice of steel is strategic; it shares a similar coefficient of thermal expansion with concrete, which ensures uniformity in response to...
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Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Ferro-cement is a distinctive construction material that represents an innovative variant of reinforced concrete, characterized by its unique composition and the method by which it is formed. Unlike standard reinforced concrete, which relies on larger steel bars for reinforcement, ferro-cement utilizes densely packed layers of mesh or fine rods, fully encased in cement mortar. This composition allows for the creation of structures that are significantly thinner and more flexible than their...
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The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Rebar graphene.

Zheng Yan1, Zhiwei Peng, Gilberto Casillas

  • 1Department of Chemistry, ‡Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, §Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.

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Summary

Researchers created "rebar graphene" by annealing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto graphene. This novel material combines 1D CNTs and 2D graphene, enhancing mechanical strength and enabling flexible transparent electrodes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are established reinforcing agents for bulk materials.
  • The reinforcement mechanism of 1D CNTs on 2D layered materials like graphene remains underexplored.
  • Existing methods lack fundamental understanding and concept demonstration for CNT-reinforced 2D materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the synthesis of CNT-toughened graphene.
  • To understand the reinforcement mechanism of CNTs in graphene.
  • To explore the potential applications of the novel material.

Main Methods:

  • Annealing functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on copper (Cu) foils.
  • Utilizing aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for analysis.
  • Demonstrating free-standing transfer and application as transparent electrodes.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of CNT-toughened graphene, termed 'rebar graphene', without additional carbon sources.
  • CNTs reinforce graphene via π-π stacking and covalent bonding, with partial CNT unzipping.
  • Rebar graphene exhibits enhanced mechanical properties, allowing free-standing transfer and use in flexible electrodes.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel method for creating reinforced 2D materials.
  • Rebar graphene demonstrates significant improvements in mechanical integrity and transferability.
  • The integration of 1D CNTs and 2D graphene opens new avenues for advanced material design and applications.