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Perinatally acquired HIV infection: long-term neuropsychological consequences and challenges ahead

Renee Smith1, Megan Wilkins

  • 1a Department of Pediatrics , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago IL , USA.

Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence
|April 5, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Perinatal HIV infection is now a manageable chronic condition, but neurologic and neuropsychological issues persist for aging youth. Addressing these challenges is crucial for independent living and overall well-being.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Perinatal HIV infection has transitioned from a fatal disease to a chronic illness over 30 years.
  • Youth with perinatal HIV are aging into adulthood, facing unique management challenges due to stigma and environmental stressors.
  • Neurologic and neuropsychological effects of HIV impact independent living for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neurologic and neuropsychological consequences of perinatal HIV infection.
  • To discuss concomitant factors influencing management in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  • To provide an overview of neuropathology, pathogenesis, neuroimaging, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neurologic and neuropsychological outcomes in perinatal HIV.
  • Analysis of neuropathology, pathogenesis, and neuroimaging findings.
  • Examination of treatment strategies and service provision recommendations.

Main Results:

  • HIV is a neurotropic virus with significant neurologic and neuropsychological sequelae.
  • Environmental stressors exacerbate challenges for aging individuals with perinatal HIV.
  • HAART has altered the disease course but has not eliminated neurocognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Management of perinatal HIV requires addressing both the viral infection and its long-term neurologic consequences.
  • Integrated care models are needed to support independent living for aging youth with perinatal HIV.
  • Further research is essential to optimize care and improve outcomes for this population.

Keywords:
AdolescenceNeurobehaviorNeurocognitionNeuropathologyPerinatal HIV infection

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