Acute aortic dissection in a patient receiving multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors for 5 years

A 48-year-old male presented with para-aortic lymph node metastases after surgical resection of a clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After first-line treatment with interferon alpha-2b, he was started on pazopanib and lapatinib. Blood pressure was well controlled with temocapril and amlodipine. Treatment had to be stopped 4 years and 8 months after initiation due to overt proteinuria. Then, sunitinib was started as third-line treatment. During the second cycle of sunitinib, he died due to a Stanford type A aortic dissection. Acute aortic dissection could be an adverse event associated with the long-term use of antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors.