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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Silicon Microchips for Manipulating Cell-cell Interaction
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Reversible re-programing of cell-cell interactions.

Kari Gabrielse1, Amit Gangar, Nigam Kumar

  • 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA).

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed lipid-chemically self-assembled nanorings (lipid-CSANs) for cell surface engineering. These nanorings enable stable, reversible cell modification and interaction control, showing potential for new cell therapies.

Keywords:
cell-cell interactionschimeric antigen receptorsnanoparticlesoligomerizationself-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Cellular Engineering

Background:

  • Cell surface engineering is crucial for developing advanced cell and tissue-based therapies.
  • Current methods for cell surface modification require genetic engineering, limiting rapid application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, non-genetic strategy for engineering cell surfaces.
  • To demonstrate the stable and reversible modification of cell surfaces using lipid-CSANs.
  • To explore the potential of lipid-CSANs in targeted cell-cell interactions and therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of lipid-chemically self-assembled nanorings (lipid-CSANs) for cell surface functionalization.
  • Utilizing a non-toxic, FDA-approved drug to trigger disassembly of lipid-CSANs and reverse cell-cell interactions.
  • Functionalizing activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with anti-EpCAM-lipid-CSANs for targeted cancer cell killing.

Main Results:

  • Lipid-CSANs enabled stable and reversible modification of cell surfaces with molecular reporters or targeting ligands.
  • Cell-cell interactions mediated by lipid-CSANs were rapidly reversed upon drug administration.
  • Functionalized PBMCs selectively killed antigen-positive cancer cells, similar to CAR T-cells.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid-CSANs offer a rapid, stable, and versatile platform for reversible cell surface engineering.
  • This technology has significant potential for designing advanced cell-based therapies.
  • The ability to control cell-cell interactions reversibly opens new avenues in regenerative medicine and immunotherapy.