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The repeated bout effect: does evidence for a crossover effect exist?

Declan A J Connolly1, Brian V Reed1, Malachy P McHugh2

  • 1Human Performance Laboratory Patrick Gymnasium, UVM , Burlington, USA.

Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
|April 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delayed onset muscle soreness from eccentric exercise is common. This study found that exercising one limb eccentrically did not protect the other limb from soreness in a subsequent bout, suggesting no central repeated bout effect.

Keywords:
Eccentriccontralateralexercisemuscle damageprotection

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Unaccustomed eccentric exercise causes delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), characterized by pain, strength loss, and reduced flexibility.
  • The repeated bout effect (RBE) offers protection against subsequent bouts of similar exercise, but its underlying mechanisms (central vs. local) remain unclear.
  • This study investigated the central hypothesis of the RBE by comparing muscle damage responses between contralateral limbs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if an initial bout of eccentric exercise in one limb confers protection against muscle damage in the contralateral limb during a subsequent, similar exercise bout.
  • To investigate the potential for a central neural mechanism mediating the repeated bout effect.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve subjects performed a 20-minute step exercise protocol, with one leg performing eccentric contractions (stepping down) and the other concentric (stepping up).
  • After a two-week recovery period, the protocol was repeated, with the previously concentric leg now performing the eccentric contractions.
  • Muscle damage markers, including tenderness, pain, and strength loss, were assessed over a four-day follow-up period after each bout.

Main Results:

  • Eccentric exercise induced significant muscle damage in both bouts, evidenced by increased tenderness, pain, and strength loss.
  • No significant differences in strength loss or tenderness were observed between the first and second eccentric exercise bouts.
  • The concentrically exercised limbs showed no significant tenderness compared to baseline.

Conclusions:

  • The findings do not support a central mechanism for the repeated bout effect, as eccentric exercise in one limb did not protect the contralateral limb from subsequent muscle damage.
  • Muscle damage occurred in both eccentric exercise bouts, indicating that the protective effect of RBE may be primarily local or that the experimental design did not elicit a central protective response.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying the repeated bout effect, potentially exploring different exercise protocols or longer time intervals between bouts.