Intraoperative navigation in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and lateral interbody fusion

Advances in spine surgery continue to provide increased safety and efficacy for a wide range of disorders. Minimally invasive techniques have revolutionized many of the ways spinal disorders are treated, offering optimal outcomes with minimal complications on the premise of avoiding unnecessary traumatic muscle dissection and disruption. Percutaneous spine surgery is mostly, if not purely, fluoroscopically based. Hence, there is an increased amount of radiation exposure to the patient, surgeons, and the operating-room team. To address this issue, navigation-based percutaneous techniques have evolved with the aim of reducing the radiation exposure while achieving all goals of minimally invasive spine surgery.