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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Chuzhen Therapy as a Non-Invasive Traditional Chinese Therapy for Neck Pain
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The neck and headaches.

Nikolai Bogduk1

  • 1Newcastle Bone and Joint Institute, Royal Newcastle Centre, University of Newcastle, PO Box 664J, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia.

Neurologic Clinics
|April 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cervicogenic headache, originating from the cervical spine, is often diagnosed as probable. Exercise and manual therapy can help manage symptoms, while advanced treatments exist for intractable cases.

Keywords:
CervicalCervicogenicDiagnosisHeadacheTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Cervicogenic headache is defined as pain referred to the head from a source within the cervical spine.
  • Diagnosis is often probable, requiring evidence of a cervical origin for definitive confirmation.

Observation:

  • Clinical features alone are insufficient for a definitive cervicogenic headache diagnosis.
  • Limited or poor evidence exists for many treatment modalities.

Findings:

  • Exercise therapy, potentially combined with manual therapy, effectively manages probable cervicogenic headache for many patients.
  • Controlled diagnostic blocks of upper cervical joints can aid investigation of intractable cases.
  • Thermal radiofrequency neurotomy offers a treatment option for intractable cervicogenic headache.

Implications:

  • Current management strategies for cervicogenic headache should prioritize exercise and manual therapy.
  • Diagnostic blocks and radiofrequency neurotomy represent advanced options for refractory cervicogenic headache.
  • Further research is needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for cervicogenic headache treatment.