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Genetic influences are virtually absent for trust.

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Genetic influence on generalized trust is minimal. Environmental factors, not genes, significantly shape trust in others and self-belief, contrasting with other human traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Twin studies show moderate to high heritability for many human traits.
  • Genetic influence is often observed even in traits presumed to be environmental.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heritability of social traits, specifically generalized trust.
  • To determine the genetic versus environmental influences on trust-in-others and trust-in-self.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a population-based sample of 1,012 twins and relatives.
  • Assessment of genetic influence (h2) on trust-in-others and trust-in-self scales.
  • Evaluation of scale test-retest reliability in an independent sample.

Main Results:

  • Genetic influence on trust-in-others (h2=5%) and trust-in-self (h2=13%) was found to be virtually absent.
  • Test-retest reliability for trust scales was moderate to high (r=0.76 and r=0.53).
  • Variance in trust is predominantly explained by non-shared environmental influences.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors play a significantly smaller role in trust compared to cognitive abilities, psychiatric disorders, and personality traits.
  • Environmental experiences and observations of others' behavior are stronger determinants of trust.
  • Non-shared environmental influences are the primary drivers of individual differences in trust.