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Updated: May 1, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
Published on: May 9, 2021
Initial nucleation site formation due to acoustic droplet vaporization
David S Li1, Oliver D Kripfgans1, Mario L Fabiilli1
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Abstract:
Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) is the selective vaporization of liquid microdroplets using ultrasound, resulting in gas bubbles. The ADV process has been proposed as a tool in biomedical applications such as gas embolotherapy, drug delivery, and phase-change contrast agents. Using a 7.5 MHz focused transducer, the initial gas nucleus formed in perfluorocarbon microdroplets was directly visualized using ultra-high speed imaging. The experimental results of initial nucleation site location were compared to a 2D axisymmetric linear acoustic model investigating the focal spot of the acoustic wave within the microdroplets. Results suggest a wavelength to droplet diameter dependence on nucleation site formation.
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