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Updated: May 1, 2026

Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography
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Recent developments in prognostic and predictive testing in uveal melanoma.

Matthew G Field1, J William Harbour

  • 1Ocular Oncology Service, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|April 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Molecular testing advances uveal melanoma prognosis and predicts targeted therapy response. Gene expression profiling and driver mutation analysis are becoming standard care for high-risk patients.

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Comment on Rivas et al. Unexpectedly Low Rate of Metastasis and Death Among Patients Treated for Uveal Melanoma with Brachytherapy, Vitrectomy, and Silicone Oil. <i>Cancers</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 2683.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Uveal melanoma prognosis historically relied on physical tumor characteristics.
  • Advancements in molecular diagnostics have significantly improved prognostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evolving methods for uveal melanoma prognosis assessment.
  • To discuss predicting response to targeted molecular therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling for molecular prognostication.
  • Identification of driver mutations (GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, SF3B1, EIF1AX) for targeted therapy prediction.

Main Results:

  • Gene expression profiling offers a gold standard for prognostication.

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  • Specific mutations correlate with metastatic potential (BAP1) or good prognosis (SF3B1, EIF1AX).
  • Mutations in GNAQ/GNA11 and BAP1 suggest sensitivity to MAPK/PKC/AKT inhibitors and epigenetic modulators, respectively.

    • Conclusions:

    • Molecular prognostic testing is crucial for uveal melanoma management.
    • Enrollment in clinical trials for targeted therapies is recommended for high-risk patients.