HIV infection, vascular disease, and stroke

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Cardiology

Background:

• HIV infection is increasingly managed as a chronic condition with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).
• Aging HIV-infected populations face challenges similar to the general aging population, including increased cardiovascular risk.
• Emerging evidence suggests a higher incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease in individuals with HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology of stroke in the context of HIV infection.
• To explore potential mechanisms contributing to stroke pathogenesis in HIV-infected individuals.
• To discuss vascular risk, cognitive impairment, risk prediction, and prevention strategies for HIV-associated cerebrovascular disease.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article synthesizing existing literature.
• The review focuses on epidemiological data, proposed pathogenetic mechanisms, and clinical management strategies.
• Emphasis is placed on cerebrovascular disease in the era of modern antiretroviral therapy.

Main Results:

• Stroke incidence may be elevated in HIV-infected individuals.
• HIV-associated inflammation and cART may contribute to cerebrovascular disease.
• Vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment are significant concerns in this population.

Conclusions:

• HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for stroke.
• Comprehensive management of vascular risk factors is crucial for stroke prevention.
• Further research is needed to optimize stroke prevention and management strategies in HIV patients.