Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

54
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
54
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

30
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
30
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

19
Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this...
19
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

35
Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
35
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

44
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
44
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

1.1K
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Blood-Pressure Targets in Hypertension Management.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Soda consumption and risk of dementia: The Northern Manhattan study.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Perihematomal Edema Characteristics After Minimally Invasive Surgery in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Critical care explorations·2025
Same author

Your brain doesn't look a day past 70! Cross-sectional associations with brain-predicted age in the cognitively-intact oldest-old.

GeroScience·2025
Same author

Early Post-Thrombectomy MRI Markers: Temporal Evolution and Association With Reperfusion and Clinical Outcome.

Neurology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Ex Vivo Pressurized Hippocampal Capillary-Parenchymal Arteriole Preparation for Functional Study
09:15

Ex Vivo Pressurized Hippocampal Capillary-Parenchymal Arteriole Preparation for Functional Study

Published on: December 18, 2019

6.5K

Current pathophysiological concepts in cerebral small vessel disease.

Fred Rincon1, Clinton B Wright2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|April 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is linked to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay of aging, genetics, and environment on brain health.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseleukoaraiosissilent brain infarctionstrokevascular cognitive impairment

More Related Videos

Sub-acute Cerebral Microhemorrhages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Injection in Rats
06:39

Sub-acute Cerebral Microhemorrhages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Injection in Rats

Published on: October 17, 2018

6.1K
Reliable Isolation of Central Nervous System Microvessels Across Five Vertebrate Groups
10:35

Reliable Isolation of Central Nervous System Microvessels Across Five Vertebrate Groups

Published on: January 12, 2020

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Ex Vivo Pressurized Hippocampal Capillary-Parenchymal Arteriole Preparation for Functional Study
09:15

Ex Vivo Pressurized Hippocampal Capillary-Parenchymal Arteriole Preparation for Functional Study

Published on: December 18, 2019

6.5K
Sub-acute Cerebral Microhemorrhages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Injection in Rats
06:39

Sub-acute Cerebral Microhemorrhages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Injection in Rats

Published on: October 17, 2018

6.1K
Reliable Isolation of Central Nervous System Microvessels Across Five Vertebrate Groups
10:35

Reliable Isolation of Central Nervous System Microvessels Across Five Vertebrate Groups

Published on: January 12, 2020

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), encompassing white matter lesions, infarctions, and hemorrhages, is primarily associated with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) through observational studies.
  • The molecular mechanisms underlying SVD and its impact on brain function are being explored, but significant gaps remain in understanding VCI pathophysiology.
  • The roles of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, normal aging, genetic predispositions, and environmental factors in SVD and VCI require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex pathophysiology of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).
  • To clarify the contribution of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) to cognitive decline.
  • To investigate the interplay between aging, genetics, environmental factors, and SVD in cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies have primarily informed the understanding of the SVD-VCI association.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in small vessel pathology and brain function.
  • Leveraging advances in genetic and epigenetic data analysis, neuroimaging (e.g., MRI), and biomarker discovery.

Main Results:

  • The association between SVD and VCI is largely based on observational data.
  • Plausible molecular pathways for vascular damage in SVD have been proposed.
  • The precise contributions of neurodegeneration, aging, genetics, and environment to SVD and VCI are not fully understood.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the pathophysiology of VCI requires further research into SVD.
  • The interaction of genetic and environmental factors with aging significantly impacts cognitive function and SVD development.
  • Technological advancements in data analysis and neuroimaging are crucial for clarifying the complex etiology of SVD and VCI.