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Exercise, vascular stiffness, and tissue transglutaminase.

Jochen Steppan1, Gautam Sikka, Simran Jandu

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|April 12, 2014
PubMed
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Moderate aerobic exercise improved nitric oxide (NO) signaling and reduced tissue transglutaminase (TG2) cross-linking in aging rats. However, exercise did not reverse age-related increases in vascular stiffness measured in vivo.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Aging Research
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Vascular aging is linked to increased vascular stiffness.
  • Reduced nitric oxide (NO)-induced S-nitrosylation of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) contributes to this age-related stiffness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if exercise can restore NO signaling and reduce vascular stiffness by modulating TG2 activity in aging rats.

Main Methods:

  • Aging rats underwent 12 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise.
  • Assessed NO signaling markers, TG2 activity and cross-linking, and aortic stiffness (PWV, ex vivo tensile testing).

Main Results:

  • Aging reduced NO signaling and increased TG2 cross-linking activity.
Keywords:
NOPWVTG2agingexercisepulse wave velocitytTGvascular stiffness

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  • Exercise attenuated these molecular changes and improved ex vivo aortic mechanical properties.
  • However, exercise did not alter the in vivo relationship between blood pressure and aortic stiffness (PWV-MAP).

    • Conclusions:

    • Aging increases vascular stiffness via decreased NO bioavailability and increased TG2 cross-linking.
    • Moderate aerobic exercise can enhance NO signaling and decrease TG2 cross-linking, partially restoring vascular mechanical properties.
    • Exercise failed to reverse functional, in vivo vascular stiffness in this aging rat model.