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Updated: May 1, 2026

Bacterial Inner-membrane Display for Screening a Library of Antibody Fragments

Bacterial Inner-membrane Display for Screening a Library of Antibody Fragments

Published on: October 15, 2016

Intracellular antibody immunity.

Ruth E Watkinson¹, William A McEwan, Leo C James

¹Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.

Journal of Clinical Immunology

|April 12, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Antibodies can fight pathogens inside cells by binding to them and recruiting TRIM21. This intracellular antibody recognition triggers immune responses, reducing viral replication and preventing severe disease.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Virology

Background:

Antibodies are key immune molecules targeting extracellular pathogens via phagocytosis and complement.
Pathogens like viruses evade extracellular immunity by infecting host cells.
Existing immune mechanisms are primarily extracellular, leaving intracellular pathogens less targeted.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of antibodies in intracellular immunity.
To understand how antibodies activate immune responses within infected cells.
To elucidate the function of the cytosolic antibody receptor TRIM21 in antiviral defense.

Main Methods:

Studying antibody-mediated pathogen entry into host cells.
Investigating the interaction between pathogen-bound antibodies and TRIM21.
Analyzing TRIM21-initiated sensor and effector responses.
Utilizing mouse models to assess the in vivo importance of TRIM21.

Main Results:

Pathogen-bound antibodies are internalized into host cells.
The cytosolic receptor TRIM21 binds to internalized antibodies.
TRIM21 triggers intracellular sensor and effector pathways reducing viral replication.
TRIM21 deficiency leads to uncontrolled viral spread and mortality in mice.

Conclusions:

Antibodies mediate intracellular immunity by engaging TRIM21.
TRIM21 is crucial for antiviral defense against intracellular pathogens.
Targeting intracellular antibody-mediated immunity offers new therapeutic strategies.