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Microvilli are tiny finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells. Their purpose is to increase the surface area of the cell's apical surface, resulting in more effective absorption or secretion of substances.
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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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Intestinal brush border assembly driven by protocadherin-based intermicrovillar adhesion.

Scott W Crawley1, David A Shifrin1, Nathan E Grega-Larson1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Cell
|April 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brush border assembly relies on calcium-dependent adhesion links between microvilli, mediated by specific protocadherins. Defects in this process, seen in Usher syndrome models, highlight the importance of these links for intestinal function.

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Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Epithelial Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Apical microvilli increase epithelial surface area for absorption and defense.
  • The intestinal brush border, composed of microvilli, is crucial for homeostasis.
  • Mechanisms of brush border assembly remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving intestinal brush border assembly.
  • To identify key proteins involved in microvillar adhesion and organization.
  • To investigate the link between brush border defects and Usher syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links between microvilli.
  • Characterized the role of protocadherin-24 and mucin-like protocadherin in intermicrovillar links.
  • Utilized a harmonin-deficient mouse model of Usher syndrome.

Main Results:

  • Brush border assembly is driven by Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion between microvilli.
  • Protocadherin-24 and mucin-like protocadherin form trans-heterophilic complexes at microvillar tips.
  • Harmonin and myosin-7b facilitate microvillar protocadherin localization.
  • Harmonin deficiency causes protocadherin mislocalization and severe brush border defects.

Conclusions:

  • Revealed an adhesion-based mechanism for brush border assembly.
  • Identified protocadherin-mediated adhesion as critical for microvillar organization.
  • Established a link between Usher syndrome pathology and defects in brush border assembly.