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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

881
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Introspection01:29

Introspection

443
Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
443
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

463
According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group...
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Language01:16

Language

784
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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Coming to terms with intersubjectivity: keeping language in mind.

Bonnie E Litowitz

    Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
    |April 17, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Clinical interactions reveal the origins of intersubjectivity, emphasizing language and communication. Understanding these dynamics explains subjective struggles and highlights the benefits of talk-based therapies.

    Keywords:
    complementaritydeceptionintersubjectivityjoint referencelanguagemediationnegationsemiotics

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Linguistics
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Clinical experiences across various theoretical perspectives converge on intersubjectivity.
    • Intersubjectivity is a key concept in understanding clinical interactions and subjective experiences.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the origin and nature of intersubjectivity in clinical settings.
    • To examine the role of language and communication in establishing intersubjectivity.
    • To explain pathologies arising from struggles with subjectivity and intersubjectivity.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of recent reports and clinical experiences.
    • Theoretical exploration from linguistic and communication viewpoints.
    • Discussion of language properties in creating shared intrapsychic worlds.

    Main Results:

    • Intersubjectivity emerges from language and communication in clinical interactions.
    • Distinctive properties of language facilitate a shared intrapsychic world.
    • This framework explains pathologies related to maintaining personal subjectivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Language and communication are central to understanding intersubjectivity.
    • The study illuminates the therapeutic benefits of talk-based therapies.
    • Understanding intersubjectivity aids in explaining and treating psychological conditions.