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Related Experiment Video

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Dyspraxia, motor function and visual-motor integration in autism.

M Miller1, L Chukoskie2, M Zinni3

  • 1School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research
|April 19, 2014
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Summary

Children with autism show significant motor and visual-motor integration deficits, impacting ideational praxis. Motor timing is crucial, with poor timing correlating to worse praxis and eye movement issues in autism.

Keywords:
AutismCerebellumDyspraxiaEye movementMotorVisual–motor integration

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
  • Motor Control and Learning

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with motor difficulties.
  • Dyspraxia, or developmental coordination disorder, is frequently observed in children with ASD.
  • Ideational praxis, the ability to plan and sequence complex movements, is not well understood in ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess dyspraxia, specifically ideational praxis, in high-functioning school-aged children with autism.
  • To investigate the relationship between underlying motor functions (e.g., eye movements) and ideational dyspraxia.
  • To explore the role of visual-motor integration in dyspraxia within this population.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of children with autism and typically developing children matched for IQ, sex, and age.
  • Assessment of Ideational and Buccofacial praxis.
  • Evaluation of motor skills, including simple motor skill, saccadic eye movement timing and accuracy, motor coordination, and visual-motor integration.

Main Results:

  • Children with autism performed significantly worse than controls on Ideational and Buccofacial praxis, motor tests, and visual-motor integration.
  • Motor impairments in children with autism were heterogeneous.
  • Poor motor timing was associated with deficits across all praxis categories and slower, less accurate eye movements.

Conclusions:

  • Both motor function and visual-motor integration contribute to dyspraxia in children with autism.
  • Dyspraxia in autism may involve cerebellar mechanisms of movement control integrated with cortical networks.
  • Motor timing appears to be a critical factor influencing praxis abilities in autism.