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Gradiental approach to neocortical functional organization.

E Goldberg1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Pennsylvania/EPPI, Philadelphia 19129.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|August 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Neuropsychological syndromes reveal that brain regions supporting similar functions are anatomically close. This study introduces the cognitive gradient concept to explain this macroscopic neocortical organization.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Neuropsychological syndromes demonstrate a strong link between brain anatomy and function.
  • Cognitively similar functions are disrupted when their corresponding neuroanatomical areas are adjacent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the concept of a cognitive gradient as a fundamental unit for analyzing neocortical brain-behavior relationships.
  • Propose a model for understanding macroscopic functional organization in the neocortex.

Main Methods:

  • Defined cognitive gradient as a continuous distribution of functions along an axis between sensory or motor areas.
  • Examined the gradiental structure of the left hemisphere as a model.
  • Proposed a symmetric organization with superimposed hemispheric elaborations.

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Main Results:

  • Cortical organization is fundamentally gradiental and symmetric.
  • The left hemisphere's gradiental structure was detailed.
  • Hypothesized a similar structure exists in the right hemisphere.

Conclusions:

  • Macroscopic neocortical organization is largely continuous, interactive, and emergent, not modular.
  • This shift towards continuous organization represents a significant evolutionary development in the brain.
  • Thalamo-cortical integration may reflect the coexistence of early and recent organizational principles.