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Haemorrhagic diphtheria.

P V Havaldar1, V D Patil, B M Siddibhavi

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, District Hospital, Belgaum, Karnatak State, India.

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
|September 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Diphtheria can cause severe bleeding and a leukaemoid blood reaction in children. This rare presentation, potentially linked to toxic vasculitis, tragically resulted in fatalities despite medical intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that can lead to severe complications.
  • Respiratory diphtheria, in particular, poses significant risks to affected individuals.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric cases of extensive respiratory diphtheria presented with unusual hemorrhagic manifestations.
  • Both children exhibited a leukaemoid blood picture, characterized by prolonged bleeding time and a normal platelet count.
  • One child also developed ventricular tachycardia, indicating severe cardiac involvement.

Findings:

  • The observed hemorrhagic symptoms suggest a potential link to toxic vasculitis, a condition affecting blood vessels.
  • The leukaemoid blood picture and prolonged bleeding time are critical hematological findings in these severe diphtheria cases.

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  • Despite intensive care, both children succumbed to the illness, highlighting the extreme severity and poor prognosis.

    • Implications:

    • This case series underscores the importance of recognizing rare and severe presentations of diphtheria in pediatric patients.
    • The proposed mechanism of toxic vasculitis warrants further investigation in understanding diphtheria-associated bleeding disorders.
    • Early recognition and aggressive management strategies are crucial, though outcomes remain grave in such advanced cases.