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Bat flight and zoonotic viruses.

Thomas J O'Shea, Paul M Cryan, Andrew A Cunningham

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Zoonotic Diseases
    • Mammalian Biology

    Background:

    • Bats are reservoirs for numerous viruses, including high-profile zoonotic pathogens like coronaviruses and Ebola virus.
    • While bats often show no disease symptoms, bat-borne viruses can cause severe illness in humans and other mammals.
    • The high diversity of viruses in bats is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To hypothesize the evolutionary factors contributing to high viral diversity in bats.
    • To explore the role of flight and associated physiological changes in host-virus interactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Hypothesizing based on known bat physiology and viral ecology.
    • Comparing bat flight to febrile responses in other mammals.
    • Considering evolutionary adaptations in host-virus dynamics.

    Main Results:

    • Flight in bats creates a daily cycle of elevated metabolism and body temperature, mimicking a fever response.
    • This physiological stress may act as a selective pressure for viruses to adapt.
    • Adapted viruses might become less virulent to bats, potentially increasing their zoonotic capacity.

    Conclusions:

    • Bat flight is a unique factor that may drive the evolution of high viral diversity.
    • This evolutionary path could lead to viruses adapted to tolerate host fever responses.
    • Such adaptations may explain the emergence of severe zoonotic diseases from bat reservoirs.