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Social heuristics shape intuitive cooperation.

David G Rand1, Alexander Peysakhovich2, Gordon T Kraft-Todd3

  • 11] Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA [2] Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA [3] Yale School of Management, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA [4].

Nature Communications
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intuition often favors cooperation because it is generally beneficial. However, in one-shot interactions, quick decisions are more cooperative than slow, deliberate ones, supporting the social heuristics hypothesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Cooperation is fundamental to human societies, but its cognitive basis is not fully understood.
  • Debates exist on whether cooperation relies on self-restraint or if prosociality is moderated by self-interest.
  • The role of intuitive versus deliberative processes in cooperative decision-making requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and test the 'social heuristics hypothesis' explaining why intuition favors cooperation.
  • To investigate the influence of intuitive (time-pressured) versus deliberative (self-paced) decision-making on cooperation.
  • To examine the factors, such as prior experience, that explain variation in the effect of time pressure on cooperation.

Main Methods:

  • Aggregated data from 15 cooperation experiments (6,910 decisions) conducted over two years, incorporating time pressure manipulations.
  • Conducted a novel experiment to further test the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions.
  • Analyzed the variation in the time pressure effect, specifically examining the role of previous experience in one-shot laboratory experiments.

Main Results:

  • Time pressure, indicative of intuitive decision-making, led to a significant increase in cooperation on average.
  • Intuitive responses were found to be more cooperative than deliberative responses in one-shot anonymous interactions.
  • The positive effect of time pressure on cooperation varied across studies, with prior experimental experience partially explaining this variation.

Conclusions:

  • The social heuristics hypothesis is supported: generalized cooperative intuitions, formed from everyday cooperation, influence intuitive decisions.
  • Deliberation allows for situational optimization, which can lead to less cooperation in contexts where selfishness is optimal.
  • Understanding the interplay between intuition, deliberation, and experience is crucial for explaining cooperative behavior in different contexts.