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High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex to Enhance Metacognitive Sensitivity
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Persuading voters using human-artificial intelligence dialogues.

Hause Lin1, Gabriela Czarnek2, Benjamin Lewis1

  • 1Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nature
|December 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) can significantly influence voter attitudes in elections, demonstrating larger effects than traditional ads. AI models advocating for right-wing candidates made more inaccurate claims during political persuasion experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Political Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computational Social Science

Background:

  • Public concern exists regarding generative artificial intelligence (AI) use in political persuasion.
  • Potential impacts on elections and democratic processes necessitate empirical investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the capacity of large language models (LLMs) to influence voter attitudes.
  • To quantify the persuasive effects of AI in simulated election contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Pre-registered experiments were conducted involving participant conversations with AI models advocating for political candidates.
  • Random assignment was used to compare AI influence against control conditions.
  • Persuasion strategies and factual accuracy of AI-generated content were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Significant treatment effects on candidate preference were observed, exceeding those of traditional video advertisements.
  • Large persuasion effects were documented on a ballot measure concerning psychedelic legalization.
  • AI models primarily used facts and evidence, not complex psychological tactics, for persuasion.
  • AI models advocating for right-wing candidates exhibited a higher rate of inaccurate claims across three countries.

Conclusions:

  • Generative AI holds significant potential to influence voters and shape election outcomes.
  • The factual accuracy of AI-generated political content is a critical concern, particularly regarding partisan bias.
  • Future elections may see a substantial role for AI in political persuasion efforts.