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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
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Cyclodextrin ion channels.

Jonathan K W Chui1, T M Fyles

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6. tmf@uvic.ca.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|April 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New cyclodextrin derivatives act as ion channels, showing diverse activities. Their behavior suggests system properties, not just compound traits, govern function, offering insights into structure-activity relationships for channel design.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides with unique host-guest properties.
  • Developing synthetic ion channels is crucial for understanding biological transport and creating new materials.
  • Click chemistry offers efficient routes to functionalized cyclodextrin derivatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel cyclodextrin derivatives with potential ion channel activity.
  • To characterize the ion channel behavior of these derivatives using electrophysiological techniques.
  • To investigate structure-activity relationships and the underlying mechanisms of channel function.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of 17 cyclodextrin derivatives via "click" cyclization of cyclodextrin per-6-azide with terminal alkynes.
  • Assessment of ion channel activity in planar bilayer membranes using the voltage-clamp technique.
  • Analysis of channel behavior, including conductance and open duration times, using model-free activity grids.

Main Results:

  • Sixteen of the 17 synthesized cyclodextrin derivatives exhibited significant ion channel activity.
  • Observed activities ranged from stable openings to highly erratic conductance, with power-law distributions in open durations.
  • Activity grids revealed clustering of conductance-duration, indicating system-dependent properties and complex structure-activity relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Synthesized cyclodextrin derivatives demonstrate versatile ion channel capabilities.
  • Channel activity is influenced by system properties and complex structure-activity relationships.
  • Transient blockage experiments suggest the formation of end-to-end dimer channels and other dynamic structures.