Cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now a chronic, treatable condition with improved life expectancy.
• Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) effectively suppresses HIV but is linked to increased cardiac issues.
• Traditional cardiac risk factors and heart disease incidence are concerns in patients on HAART.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the relationship between HIV, HAART, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
• To focus on contemporary screening, prevention, and treatment strategies for CVD in Australian HIV patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on HIV, HAART, and cardiovascular outcomes.
• Analysis of current management guidelines and clinical practices in Australia.
• Focus on risk factors, screening protocols, and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

• HAART is associated with increased risks of hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, and both ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart disease.
• A significant interplay exists between HIV infection, specific antiretroviral drugs, and accelerated atherosclerosis.
• Contemporary Australian HIV management requires integrated cardiovascular risk assessment and management.

Conclusions:

• Active prevention and treatment of cardiovascular risk are crucial for HIV-positive individuals.
• A comprehensive strategy addressing both HIV and cardiovascular health is necessary.
• Further research and updated clinical guidelines are needed for optimal patient outcomes.