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Related Concept Videos

Motor Units01:13

Motor Units

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The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...
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Motor Units00:46

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A motor unit consists of two main components: a single efferent motor neuron (i.e., a neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system) and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. The motor neuron may innervate multiple muscle fibers, which are single cells, but only one motor neuron innervates a single muscle fiber.
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Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine01:21

Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine

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Conducting a three-phase short circuit test on an unloaded synchronous machine helps understand its impact on the system. The AC fault current's oscillogram, with the DC offset removed, reveals that the waveform amplitude decreases from an initially high value to a steady-state level for one phase of the machine.
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
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Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

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Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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[A heart without overspeed trip unit].

Roman Gähwiler1, Christian Templin1, Thomas F Lüscher1

  • 1Universitäres Herzzentrum Zürich, Universitätsspital Zürich.

Praxis
|April 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 38-year-old volunteer firefighter with persistent inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) found relief with a combination therapy. The successful treatment normalized heart rhythm, enabling continued service.

Keywords:
ECGEKGHerzrhythmusstörungInadäquate SinustachykardieInappropriate Sinus TachycardiaIvabradinIvabradineheart rythm disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a rare condition characterized by a persistently elevated heart rate.
  • Volunteer firefighters face unique physiological stressors that may exacerbate underlying cardiac conditions.

Observation:

  • A 38-year-old male volunteer firefighter presented with asymptomatic sinus tachycardia diagnosed at age 15.
  • Secondary causes and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) were excluded, confirming the IST diagnosis.

Findings:

  • Initial metoprolol therapy for IST was insufficient.
  • A combination therapy of bisoprolol and ivabradine successfully achieved a normal sinus rhythm.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential efficacy of combination therapy for refractory IST.
  • Successful management of IST can allow individuals, including first responders, to maintain demanding roles.