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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
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Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
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A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
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Insomnia.

Eliza L Sutton1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 4245 Roosevelt Way Northeast, Box 354765, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|April 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insomnia is a common sleep symptom. Acute insomnia may improve by addressing triggers and using sleep medication, while chronic insomnia requires identifying underlying causes for effective treatment.

Keywords:
ChronotypeCognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)HyperarousalPrimary insomniaRestless legs syndromeShort sleeperSleep restriction therapyStimulus control

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Primary Care Medicine
  • Symptomatology

Background:

  • Insomnia is frequently perceived by patients and clinicians as a symptom, not a distinct disorder.
  • This symptom is characterized by dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality, despite adequate opportunity.
  • Acute and chronic insomnia presentations necessitate different diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the management approaches for acute versus chronic insomnia.
  • To emphasize the importance of identifying underlying causes for chronic insomnia.
  • To highlight specific sleep disorders that may present as insomnia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical practices and literature regarding insomnia.
  • Categorization of insomnia into acute and chronic forms.
  • Identification of specific underlying sleep conditions associated with chronic insomnia.

Main Results:

  • Acute insomnia management focuses on trigger reversal and short-term pharmacotherapy.
  • Chronic insomnia management requires a thorough etiological investigation.
  • Specific conditions like restless legs syndrome, circadian rhythm disorders, and sleep apnea require tailored treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Effective insomnia management hinges on distinguishing between acute and chronic presentations.
  • A personalized approach, addressing underlying causes, is crucial for chronic insomnia.
  • Recognizing and treating specific sleep disorders is essential for resolving chronic insomnia symptoms.