Drug Dependence
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Stimulants
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions
Published on: October 2, 2018
Catherine L W Striley1, Roland R Griffiths2, Linda B Cottler1
1Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.
Caffeine dependence is common, with 35% of users meeting diagnostic criteria. Many experience withdrawal and continued use despite harm, suggesting clinical relevance for this widely consumed substance.
Area of Science:
Background:
Purpose of the Study:
Main Methods:
Main Results:
Conclusions: