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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.3K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.2K
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
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Spin-dependent quantum interference in nonlocal graphene spin valves.

M H D Guimarães1, P J Zomer, I J Vera-Marun

  • 1Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands.

Nano Letters
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum coherent graphene nanostructures exhibit strong nonlocal voltage modulation, revealing significant spin-dependent contributions crucial for future spintronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum transport phenomena
  • Graphene nanostructures

Background:

  • Previous spin transport experiments in graphene were limited to the semiclassical regime.
  • Quantum transport properties like phase coherence and interference were largely unexplored in graphene spin transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate quantum transport properties in graphene nanostructures.
  • To explore nonlocal voltage modulation and its spin-dependent contributions.
  • To assess the potential of quantum coherent graphene for spintronics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nonlocal measurements to probe spin transport.
  • Separated spin-dependent and spin-independent contributions to the nonlocal voltage.
  • Employed local tuning of carrier density using a side gate electrode.

Main Results:

  • Observed strong nonlocal voltage modulation in quantum coherent graphene nanostructures.
  • Demonstrated that spin-dependent contributions are significantly larger (2 orders of magnitude) than spin-independent ones.
  • Showcased polarity changes in the nonlocal spin signal based on gate voltage.
  • Identified the critical role of the nanostructure constriction in modulating the spin signal.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum coherent graphene nanostructures exhibit unique nonlocal spin transport characteristics.
  • The dominance of spin-dependent signals highlights their potential for spintronic applications.
  • Gate-tunable modulation and polarity changes offer pathways for device control.