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Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

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Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
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Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

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Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

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Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
1.9K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

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Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
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Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

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Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
3.9K
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

2.2K
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
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Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes
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Cyclo-hexyl-ammonium nitrate.

Abdulaziz A Bagabas1, Mohamed F A Aboud2, Ahsan M Shemsi3

  • 1Petrochemicals Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|April 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals the chair conformation of cyclohexyl ammonium nitrate and its equatorial ammonium group. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding forms a stable 3D crystal network.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Understanding the conformational preferences and intermolecular interactions of organic salts is crucial for predicting their solid-state properties.
  • Cyclohexyl ammonium nitrate (C6H14N(+)·NO3 (-)) is a representative organic salt with potential applications in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure and hydrogen bonding network of cyclohexyl ammonium nitrate.
  • To determine the preferred conformation of the cyclohexyl ring and the orientation of the ammonium group.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding interactions was performed using crystallographic data.

Main Results:

  • The cyclohexyl ring adopts a chair conformation.
  • The ammonium group is found to occupy an equatorial position.
  • Intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the ions into a robust three-dimensional network.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure of cyclohexyl ammonium nitrate is characterized by a chair conformation of the cyclohexyl ring and an equatorial ammonium group.
  • The observed three-dimensional network, stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding, dictates the material's structural integrity.