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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Laser-Matter Interactions
  • Optics and Photonics

Background:

  • Overdense plasmas are crucial in high-intensity laser interactions.
  • Controlling plasma spatial structure is key for advanced applications.
  • Existing methods for plasma structuring lack flexibility at high intensities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a general approach for optically controlled spatial structuring of overdense plasmas.
  • To demonstrate the creation and characterization of sinusoidal plasma gratings.
  • To investigate the usability of these transient plasma structures at relativistic intensities.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of overdense plasmas from plain solid targets.
  • Optical control to create sinusoidal plasma gratings with adjustable periodicity and depth.
  • Interaction studies of plasma gratings with ultraintense laser pulses.
  • Utilizing gratings as a 'spatial ruler' for source size determination.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created tunable sinusoidal plasma gratings.
  • Demonstrated the stability and usability of these gratings at relativistically high laser intensities.
  • Established the gratings' capability to measure the source size of high-order harmonic beams.

Conclusions:

  • The presented optical structuring method offers precise control over plasma gratings.
  • Plasma gratings are effective tools for metrology in laser-plasma interactions.
  • This work advances ultrahigh intensity plasmonics and laser-driven particle acceleration.