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Related Concept Videos

Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

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As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.
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Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

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Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
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Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

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Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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Related Experiment Video

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From endosomes to the trans-Golgi network.

Lei Lu1, Wanjin Hong2

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|April 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study explores retrograde trafficking, a key endocytic pathway that returns proteins and lipids to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), preventing lysosomal degradation and impacting human diseases.

Keywords:
EndosomeRetrograde membrane traffickingRetromerTrans-Golgi network

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocytosis Research

Background:

  • Retrograde trafficking from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a critical cellular process.
  • This pathway diverts proteins and lipids from lysosomal degradation.
  • It involves complex molecular machinery and multiple cellular compartments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of retrograde trafficking.
  • To identify key molecular players involved in this pathway.
  • To understand the role of retrograde transport in cellular signaling and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated endosomal sorting and transport.
  • Utilized biochemical assays to identify protein interactions.
  • Employed cell imaging techniques to track cargo movement.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct itineraries for retrograde cargo entry into the TGN.
  • Characterized the roles of retromer, sorting nexins, and SNAREs in the pathway.
  • Demonstrated the involvement of small GTPases and tethering factors.

Conclusions:

  • Retrograde trafficking is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of this pathway contributes to human disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research into retrograde transport holds therapeutic potential.