Potential uses, limitations, and basic procedures of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in buccal cells

Area of Science:

• Biomarkers and Genotoxicity
• Cellular and Molecular Biology
• Environmental Health

Background:

• Traditional genotoxicity assessment methods are often costly, complex, and invasive.
• There is a growing need for accessible and reliable biomarkers to evaluate genomic instability.
• Buccal cells offer a minimally invasive site for assessing genetic damage.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the utility of the micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) test in buccal cells as a genotoxicity biomarker.
• To provide detailed procedures for performing and interpreting the MN/NA test.
• To review factors influencing the test's results.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing the micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) assay in exfoliated buccal cells.
• Focusing on a clear and precise evaluation of genetic damage.
• Reviewing established protocols for sample collection, slide preparation, and analysis.

Main Results:

• The MN/NA technique is presented as a reliable, fast, simple, and cost-effective method.
• The assay is minimally invasive, well-accepted by patients, and suitable for diverse applications.
• Demonstrates potential for evaluating genotoxic effects from various exposures and the impact of lifestyle interventions.

Conclusions:

• The MN/NA test in buccal cells is a highly valuable and practical biomarker for genotoxicity assessment.
• This technique facilitates the evaluation of genetic damage from occupational, environmental, or lifestyle factors.
• The assay's simplicity and reliability make it broadly applicable in research and clinical settings.