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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
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Yessotoxin triggers ribotoxic stress.

Mónica Suárez Korsnes1, Susan Skogtvedt Røed2, Michael A Tranulis2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Campus Ås, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 ÅS, Norway.

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
|May 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Marine algal toxin yessotoxin (YTX) triggers a ribotoxic stress response in muscle cells. YTX activates key stress kinases, cleaves ribosomal RNA, and inhibits protein synthesis, supporting its role as a ribotoxin.

Keywords:
28S rRNA cleavagePKRProtein synthesis inhibitionRibotoxic stress responseYessotoxinc-jun

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Stress Response

Background:

  • Marine algal toxins pose risks to human health.
  • Yessotoxin (YTX) is a known marine toxin.
  • The cellular mechanisms of YTX toxicity are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether YTX can induce a ribotoxic stress response in myoblast cells.
  • To identify the molecular pathways activated by YTX exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of L6 and BC3H1 myoblast cells to 100 nM YTX.
  • Assay for the activation of p38 MAPK, SAPK/JNK, and PKR.
  • Analysis of ribosomal RNA cleavage and protein synthesis inhibition.

Main Results:

  • YTX exposure at 100 nM induced a ribotoxic stress response.
  • Activated stress kinases: p38 MAPK, SAPK/JNK, and PKR.
  • Observed ribosomal RNA cleavage and significant inhibition of protein synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • YTX elicits a ribotoxic stress response in muscle cells.
  • YTX acts as a ribotoxin by disrupting protein synthesis via stress kinase activation and rRNA cleavage.