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Related Concept Videos

Ureters01:22

Ureters

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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

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The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
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[Ureteral triplication].

S Sanjuán Rodríguez, C Moreno Hurtado, E Blesa Sánchez

    Cirugia Pediatrica : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Cirugia Pediatrica
    |May 3, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Ureteral triplication, a rare anomaly, can present with an ectopic ureterocele. Accurate presurgical diagnosis is challenging, often requiring intraoperative findings for complex cases of urinary tract anomalies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Pediatric Surgery
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Ureteral triplication is an exceptionally rare congenital anomaly.
    • Its co-occurrence with an ectopic ureterocele is highly unusual and presents diagnostic challenges.

    Observation:

    • A male patient presented with recurrent urinary tract infections and left vesicoureteral reflux.
    • Initial investigations suggested ureteral duplication, but a third ureter was identified during vesicostomy.

    Findings:

    • The third ureter terminated in an ectopic ureterocele associated with an upper pole ectopic kidney.
    • This case highlights the complexity of diagnosing rare urinary tract malformations.

    Implications:

    • Accurate presurgical diagnosis of such complex pathologies is difficult.
    • Surgical treatment requires individualized planning based on renal function and ureteral anatomy.