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Esophagus

Esophagus

The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...

Hiatal Hernia

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...

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Updated: Jul 21, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

[Complete and inverted esophagastric duplicity].

J M Morán Penco¹, J Vázquez², E Forsheden Ahs³

¹Cátedra de Cirugía. Universidad de Extremadura. Clideba Quirón Salud. Badajoz.

Cirugia Pediatrica : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Cirugia Pediatrica

|October 19, 2017

Summary

A rare gastric duplication in an infant was surgically removed, along with an unusual esophageal tubular structure. This case suggests congenital digestive malformations may stem from early genetic errors.

Keywords:

Esophageal duplication Gastrict duplication Gastrointestinal duplication

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Last Updated: Jul 21, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

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Published on: April 17, 2020

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Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Gastroenterology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Gastric duplications are rare congenital anomalies.
They can present with various symptoms depending on size and location.
Associated anomalies are uncommon but significant.

Observation:

A 4-month-old female presented with an abdominal mass.
Surgical exploration revealed a gastric duplication and an unusual tubular structure.
The tubular structure, histologically identified as esophagus, connected to the duplication and inserted into the diaphragm.

Findings:

A novel association of gastric duplication with an esophageal tubular malformation was identified.
Surgical excision of both anomalies was successfully performed.
Histological examination confirmed the nature of the malformation.

Implications:

This case represents a previously unreported type of digestive tract duplication.
It supports the hypothesis that such malformations arise from genetic transcription errors during early embryonic development.
Further research into the genetic basis of foregut malformations is warranted.