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Meningococcal meningitis in Spain in the Horizon 2030: A position paper

F Moraga-Llop, E Andradas, L C Blesa-Baviera

  • 1Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense. CIBERES. Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid, Spain. emilio.bouza@gmail.com.

Revista Espanola De Quimioterapia : Publicacion Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Quimioterapia
|March 22, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Meningococcal meningitis (MM) is a serious global health threat, particularly impacting children. This vaccine-preventable disease requires urgent diagnosis and treatment to reduce mortality and long-term health consequences.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Meningococcal meningitis (MM) and invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) represent significant global public health challenges, causing widespread public concern.
  • Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent, is a Gram-negative diplococcus responsible for acute, rapidly progressive diseases, occurring both sporadically and epidemically.
  • While MM affects all age groups, it is most prevalent in children under five and adolescents. Despite advancements, global estimates for 2017 indicated 5 million new cases, resulting in 290,000 deaths and 20 million years of healthy life lost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an opinion document on the current state of meningococcal meningitis in Spain.
  • To assess the resources and preparedness for combating MM within Spain.
  • To align with the World Health Organization's roadmap for reducing MM mortality and sequelae by 2030.

Main Methods:

  • The document was prepared by the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) and medical associations from eight other Spanish provinces.
  • Experts in the field were invited by the COVID-19 and Emerging Pathogens Committee of ICOMEM to contribute.
  • This involved compiling an opinion document based on expert consensus and available data.

Main Results:

  • In Spain, the 2021/22 season reported 108 microbiologically confirmed cases of MM, equating to an incidence rate of 0.23 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.
  • The document highlights that MM is a curable and, crucially, a vaccine-preventable disease.
  • Spain's preparedness and resources for combating MM were evaluated in the context of global and national incidence rates.

Conclusions:

  • Meningococcal meningitis remains a significant public health concern in Spain, necessitating continued vigilance and preparedness.
  • Vaccination is a key strategy for prevention, aligning with global efforts to control the disease.
  • The collaborative effort by medical associations underscores the importance of a unified approach to managing and mitigating the impact of MM.
Keywords:
Neisseria meningitidisantimicrobial treatmentchemoprophylaxisepidemicstmeningitismeningococcuspreventionvaccines

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