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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Glomerular Filtration01:15

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The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
01:24

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Published on: June 19, 2025

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MicroRNA-7a regulates pancreatic β cell function.

Mathieu Latreille, Jean Hausser, Ina Stützer

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |May 3, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) negatively regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Decreased miR-7 levels are observed in diabetes, suggesting its role in metabolic stress adaptation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • MicroRNA (miRNA) networks are crucial for cellular responses to stress.
    • The role of miRNAs in pancreatic beta cell function, particularly in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and metabolic stress adaptation, remains largely unexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the function of miR-7 in pancreatic beta cells.
    • To determine the regulatory role of miR-7 in GSIS and beta cell adaptation to metabolic stress.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Mir7a2 deficient mice and transgenic mice overexpressing miR-7a in beta cells.
    • Analyzed gene regulation of insulin granule fusion and SNARE complex activity.
    • Examined beta cell proliferation, apoptosis, and function in various models.

    Main Results:

    • miR-7 acts as a negative regulator of GSIS by directly controlling genes involved in insulin granule fusion and SNARE complex activity.
    • Overexpression of miR-7 in beta cells leads to diabetes, impaired insulin secretion, and beta cell dedifferentiation, but not altered proliferation or apoptosis.
    • miR-7a levels are reduced in obese/diabetic mouse models and human islets from individuals with obesity and compensated diabetes.

    Conclusions:

    • miR-7 plays a critical role in regulating insulin granule exocytosis in pancreatic beta cells.
    • A miR-7 genomic circuit is involved in adapting beta cell function during obesity and type 2 diabetes.