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An outbreak of serogroup C (ST-11) meningococcal disease in Tijuana, Mexico

Enrique Chacon-Cruz1, Luz Elena Espinosa-De Los Monteros2, Samuel Navarro-Alvarez3

  • 1Hospital General de Tijuana, Paseo Centario S/N, Zona del Rio, Tijuana, 22010, Mexico.

Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines
|May 3, 2014
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

A 2013 invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in Tijuana, Mexico, caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C, resulted in high mortality. Public health interventions and vaccination evaluation are recommended.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is endemic in children in Tijuana, Mexico, posing a constant outbreak risk.
  • Previous reports indicated endemicity, highlighting the need for surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological aspects of a meningococcal outbreak in Tijuana.
  • To identify risk factors associated with mortality during the outbreak.

Main Methods:

  • Case identification through emergency departments, diagnosis via culture and agglutination tests.
  • Molecular typing using RFLP-PFGE and MLST for strain characterization.
  • Evaluation of clinical, epidemiological data, interventions, and mortality risk factors.

Main Results:

  • 19 cases of IMD caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C occurred between January and March 2013.
  • Meningitis was the primary presentation (94.7%), with high mortality (36.8%). Septic shock and DIC were linked to increased mortality.
  • A single clone (ST-11) was identified in all strains, with no specific outbreak source identified.

Conclusions:

  • The Tijuana outbreak demonstrated high mortality, reinforcing the endemicity of IMD in the region.
  • The findings support the need for health authorities to consider meningococcal vaccination strategies.
Keywords:
meningococcal clonal complex ST-11meningococcal diseaseneisseria meningitidisneisseria meningitidis serogroup Coutbreak

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