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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

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Eomesodermin is required for antitumor immunity mediated by 4-1BB-agonist immunotherapy.

Chang Song1, Kavitha Sadashivaiah1, Aki Furusawa1

  • 1Program in Oncology; Greenebaum Cancer Center; Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA.

Oncoimmunology
|May 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Anti-4-1-BB immunotherapy enhances CD8+ T cell responses against tumors by altering transcription factor balance and reducing inhibitory receptors. However, Eomesodermin (Eomes) expression is crucial for this immunotherapy

Keywords:
4-1BBLag3PD-1T cellseomesodermintumor immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • T cell biology

Background:

  • CD8+ T cells in tumors often show impaired antitumor activity due to inhibitory receptors like PD-1 and Lag3.
  • Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells express both inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors, alongside key transcription factors Eomes and T-bet.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of 4-1BB co-stimulation in modulating CD8+ T cell function within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To determine the necessity of Eomesodermin (Eomes) for effective anti-4-1-BB immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a lymphoma tumor model in mice.
  • Administered agonistic anti-4-1-BB antibody immunotherapy.
  • Analyzed transcription factor (Eomes, T-bet) and receptor (PD-1, Lag3, 4-1BB) expression on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells.
  • Assessed tumor growth and T cell function in wild-type and Eomes-deficient mice.

Main Results:

  • Anti-4-1-BB therapy increased Eomes and decreased T-bet expression in CD8+ T cells, alongside reduced PD-1 and Lag3 levels.
  • This immunotherapy led to attenuated tumor growth.
  • Eomes-deficient T cells failed to respond to anti-4-1-BB immunotherapy, halting tumor progression.
  • Sustained Eomes expression and elevated PD-1/Lag3 were observed in T cells from regrowing tumors after treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells exist in a state of activation/inhibition balance influenced by receptor expression.
  • Eomesodermin (Eomes) expression is essential, though not sufficient, for successful 4-1BB-agonist immunotherapy.
  • 4-1BB-agonist immunotherapy shows potential but requires further understanding of T cell intrinsic factors like Eomes for optimal efficacy.