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A numerical study of blood flow using mixture theory.

Wei-Tao Wu1, Nadine Aubry2, Mehrdad Massoudi3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

International Journal of Engineering Science
|May 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study models blood flow in microfluidic channels using Mixture Theory, treating red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma as distinct components. The research simulates blood viscosity and flow dynamics in these critical biological systems.

Keywords:
Blood flowChannel flowMixture theoryNon-linear fluidsRheologyTwo phase flow

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Blood flow in microfluidic devices is crucial for diagnostics and drug delivery.
  • Understanding the complex rheology of blood, particularly the behavior of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma, is essential.
  • Existing models often simplify blood's multi-component nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for two-dimensional blood flow in a microfluidic channel.
  • To investigate the influence of red blood cell (RBC) properties, such as hematocrit and shear rate-dependent viscosity, on blood flow dynamics.
  • To analyze the behavior of blood as a two-component mixture (RBCs and plasma) under microfluidic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Mixture Theory to model blood as a two-component system: generalized Reiner-Rivlin fluid for RBCs and linear viscous fluid for plasma.
  • Developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver using OpenFOAM® for simulating blood flow.
  • Performed dimensionless analysis and a parametric study to understand the effects of various parameters on the flow.

Main Results:

  • The study successfully simulated two-dimensional blood flow in a rectangular microfluidic channel.
  • The model incorporates the non-Newtonian behavior of red blood cells (RBCs), including hematocrit and shear rate effects on viscosity.
  • Parametric analysis provided insights into the factors governing blood flow dynamics in microchannels.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CFD model provides a robust framework for studying blood flow in microfluidic systems.
  • Mixture Theory effectively captures the complex rheological properties of blood, particularly the contribution of RBCs.
  • This research enhances the understanding of microfluidic blood flow, with implications for biomedical applications.