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Anemia among hospitalized children at a multispecialty hospital, bangalore (karnataka), India
Firdos Saba1, Siddaraju Poornima2, Pishey Ashwathnarayan Rao Balaji2
1Department of Pathology, Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Insights
Anemia is common in hospitalized children, with non-hemoglobinopathies being the most frequent cause. Moderate, microcytic hypochromic anemia was most prevalent in infants.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Hematology
- Public Health
Background:
- Limited data exists on anemia in hospitalized children.
- This study addresses the need for comprehensive data on pediatric anemia.
- Focuses on occurrence, morphology, age, sex, and severity of anemia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of anemia in hospitalized children.
- To identify etiological patterns, including hemoglobinopathies and non-hemoglobinopathies.
- To understand the distribution of anemia across different pediatric age groups.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over one year.
- Inclusion of 882 children aged 6 months to 12 years admitted to a multispecialty hospital.
- Data collected via random sampling and analyzed using statistical methods (mean, median, standard deviation, Chi-square test).
Main Results:
- A high prevalence of anemia (72.79%) was observed in the study population.
- Non-hemoglobinopathies (98%) were the predominant cause, particularly in infants (6 months-1 year).
- Moderate anemia (7-9.9 g/dL) and microcytic hypochromic anemia were most common; Thalassemia major was the leading hemoglobinopathy.
Conclusions:
- Anemia is highly prevalent in hospitalized children aged 6 months to 12 years.
- Non-hemoglobinopathies are the primary driver of anemia in this population.
- Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions for pediatric anemia.
Background:
Due to the limited availability of data related to anemia in hospitalized children, this research was conducted to study the occurrence, morphological patterns, distribution in different age groups, sex, and severity of anemia among children aged 6 months-12 years.
Setting:
Inpatients in department of pediatrics at a multispecialty hospital, Bangalore.
Study Design:
Descriptive cross sectional study from Oct, 2011 to Sep, 2012.
Materials And Methods:
Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee of the hospital as per 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Unrestricted random sampling method was used to select the study group consisting of 882 children between the age of 6 months and 12 years. After obtaining the consent, data were obtained and statistically analyzed using statistical tools like mean, median, standard deviation, and Chi-square test.
Results:
Out of 882 children selected, 642 (72.79%) were anemic, out of which a majority of 629 (98%) children suffered from nonhemoglobinopathies and a meagre 13 (2%) suffered from hemoglobinopathies. Children in the age group of 6 months-1 year were most affected with nonhemoglobinopathies (33%). Moderate degree of anemia (hemoglobin = 7-9.9 g/dL) was the commonest grade of anemia (80%), while microcytic hypochromic anemia was commonest morphological type of anemia (48%). Among hemoglobinopathies, thalassemia major was the most common (69%, that is 9 out of 13 patients).
Conclusion:
The occurrence of anemia among children aged between 6 months and 12 years is high and nonhemoglobinopathies predominate over the hemoglobinopathies.
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