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[The liver--an immunologically privileged organ?].

H Jahr1, H Wolff

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie des Bereichs Medizin (Charité), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

Allergie Und Immunologie
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Some rat strains accept transplanted livers without immune suppression, unlike other organs. The liver induces donor-specific immune tolerance, a phenomenon observed in other species, including humans.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Context:

  • Allogeneic liver transplantation in certain rat strains results in permanent acceptance without immunosuppression.
  • In contrast, other organs like the heart, kidney, and skin are typically rejected in these same donor-recipient combinations.
  • This liver-specific tolerance extends to other species, including pigs and humans, albeit to a lesser degree.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the unique immune tolerance induced by liver transplantation.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for the liver's ability to evade rejection and promote donor-specific tolerance.
  • To understand the role of liver regeneration in initiating tolerogenic responses.

Summary:

  • Transplanted livers in specific rat strains achieve permanent acceptance without immunosuppressive drugs, a phenomenon not seen with other organs.
  • The liver not only resists rejection but actively induces donor-specific immune tolerance through mechanisms potentially involving clonal deletion, suppressor cells, or specific antibodies.
  • This immune privilege of the orthotopically transplanted liver is also observed in pigs and, to a lesser extent, in humans, with liver regeneration potentially playing a role in inducing tolerance.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the mechanisms of immune tolerance in transplantation.
  • Suggests potential strategies for improving organ transplant outcomes in humans.
  • Highlights the liver's unique immunomodulatory properties.

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