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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

20.5K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

1.2K
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (MAM) Stabilization in a Neural Model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
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Quantitative Analysis of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (MAM) Stabilization in a Neural Model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

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mRNA stability in the nucleus.

Han Liu1, Min Luo, Ji-kai Wen

  • 1Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Chongqing Institute of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Chongqing 400050, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.

Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
|May 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newly synthesized RNA transcripts in eukaryotic cells are vulnerable. This review focuses on nuclear mRNA stability and RNA polymerase II

Keywords:
Nuclear mRNA retentionQuality controlmRNA degradationmRNA stability

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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic gene expression involves multiple regulatory layers, including transcription, RNA processing, and mRNA stability.
  • Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are susceptible to degradation by ribonucleases (RNases), necessitating strict control over their quantity and quality.
  • RNA stability is a critical determinant of gene expression, regulated co- and post-transcriptionally, and coupled with translation in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding nuclear mRNA stability.
  • To highlight the role of RNA polymerase II in the quality control of newly synthesized nuclear RNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on mRNA nuclear export and degradation pathways.
  • Focus on mechanisms involving RNA polymerase II during transcription and nascent RNA processing.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear RNA surveillance mechanisms are crucial for maintaining transcript quality.
  • RNA polymerase II plays a significant role in the co-transcriptional quality control of nascent mRNAs.
  • Dysregulation of nuclear RNA stability can impact gene expression and cellular function.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear mRNA stability is a tightly regulated process essential for eukaryotic gene expression.
  • RNA polymerase II-mediated quality control is a key aspect of nuclear RNA metabolism.
  • Further research into nuclear RNA stability mechanisms will provide insights into gene regulation and disease.