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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Layers of the Epidermis01:21

Layers of the Epidermis

The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
Stratum Basale
Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
Cellular Adaptation III: Hyperplasia01:26

Cellular Adaptation III: Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ due to enhanced cell division. It is an adaptive, controlled response to stimuli such as injury, hormones, or stress, involving mitosis to produce genetically identical cells and support tissue repair and regeneration.Tissue CapacityCertain tissues, including the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, bone marrow, and fibroblasts, have a high potential for hyperplasia. Others, such as bone, cartilage, and smooth muscle, show...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale
08:49

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale

Published on: May 28, 2021

Cell proliferation and differentiation during epidermis renewal.

Kai Liu1,2, Kaidi Ren3, Dengwen Li4

  • 1Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.

Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Epidermal renewal relies on stem cell proliferation and differentiation, crucial for skin barrier function. Advanced techniques like single-cell omics and AI modeling are key to understanding these complex processes.

Keywords:
Asymmetric cell divisionBasement membrane dynamicsEpidermis renewalMechanotransductionSingle-cell omicsStem cell proliferation

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale
08:49

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale

Published on: May 28, 2021

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis
09:16

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis

Published on: December 14, 2015

Live Cell Imaging with Time Lapse Photography to Study Epidermal Keratinocyte Proliferation Kinetics
07:21

Live Cell Imaging with Time Lapse Photography to Study Epidermal Keratinocyte Proliferation Kinetics

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Stem Cell Biology
  • Cellular and Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The epidermis, the skin's outer layer, requires constant renewal for barrier integrity.
  • Epidermal renewal depends on the precise proliferation and differentiation of basal stem cells.
  • This renewal is regulated by intrinsic cell division and external microenvironmental cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical processes governing epidermis renewal.
  • To emphasize the balance between symmetric and asymmetric stem cell division.
  • To highlight the role of advanced technologies in understanding epidermal renewal.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epidermal renewal mechanisms.
  • Discussion of single-cell omics technologies.
  • Integration of live imaging and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven modeling approaches.

Main Results:

  • The review details the complex interplay of factors regulating epidermal stem cell fate.
  • It highlights the importance of balancing symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions for tissue homeostasis.
  • The integration of differentiated cells into the suprabasal layer is examined.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding epidermal renewal requires integrating molecular, cellular, and microenvironmental data.
  • Advanced techniques like single-cell omics, live imaging, and AI modeling are crucial for future research.
  • Precise regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation is vital for maintaining skin barrier function.