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Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

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Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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The Oral Microbiota01:27

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Related Experiment Video

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Oral Intubation of Adult Zebrafish: A Model for Evaluating Intestinal Uptake of Bioactive Compounds
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Mucosal immunity and probiotics in fish.

Carlo C Lazado1, Christopher Marlowe A Caipang2

  • 1Aquaculture Genomics Research Unit, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, Bodø 8049, Norway.

Fish & Shellfish Immunology
|May 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Probiotics modulate teleost (fish) mucosal immunity, impacting gut, skin, and gill tissues. Further research is crucial to understand their role in fish health and sustainable aquaculture.

Keywords:
GillsGutMucosal immunityProbioticsSkin

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Area of Science:

  • * Focuses on teleost mucosal immunity, encompassing gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT), and gill-associated lymphoid tissues (GIALT).

Background:

  • * Mucosal surfaces in fish are primary interfaces with the environment, making them vulnerable to pathogens.
  • * Commensal microbiota and inherent immune factors on mucosal surfaces play a critical role in defense.
  • * Probiotics are recognized for their immunomodulatory properties, offering a prophylactic strategy in teleost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review and integrate current knowledge on teleost mucosal immunity, mucosal microbiota, and probiotic immunomodulation.
  • * To highlight the limited understanding of probiotic effects on fish mucosal immunity, particularly outside the gut.
  • * To emphasize the need for dedicated research into the relationship between fish mucosal immunity and probiotics.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review and synthesis of existing research on teleost mucosal immunity.
  • * Analysis of studies on the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in fish.
  • * Exploration of emerging research areas like probiogenomics in fish immunology.

Main Results:

  • * Probiotics demonstrate potential in modulating teleost mucosal immunity across various tissues.
  • * Current research predominantly focuses on systemic immunity or gut-associated effects, with limited data on skin and gills.
  • * Knowledge gaps exist regarding the specific mechanisms and extent of probiotic influence on fish mucosal surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • * Probiotics are relevant to teleost mucosal immunity, with significant potential for enhancing fish health.
  • * Further investigation into probiotic immunomodulation of mucosal surfaces is essential for sustainable aquaculture practices.
  • * Advancing research in this area can lead to more effective and sustainable fish husbandry strategies.