Identification, characterization, and biofilm formation of clinical Chryseobacterium gleum isolates

Chryseobacterium gleum is not commonly isolated from clinical source(s). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we identified 15 C. gleum isolates from the Central Region Hospital Alliance, Taiwan, which were all misidentified: 14 as Chryseobacterium indologenes and 1 as Elizabethkingia meningoseptica using the Vitek 2 GN card. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, a rapid and clinically applicable method, was evaluated for the identification of C. gleum, and the rate of species or probable species level identification reached 13.3% and 86.6%, respectively. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, all C. gleum isolates from central Taiwan were found to be epidemiologically unrelated. The most prevalent sample was urine (35.7%, 5/14), followed by sputum (28.6%, 4/14), whereas 1 isolate was from an unknown source. All of the isolates were susceptible to minocycline, 93.3% susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, but were completely or highly resistant to the other drugs examined. Biofilm-forming ability was observed in 40.0% (6/15) isolates using the Luria-Bertani broth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first focusing on exploring clinical C. gleum isolates.