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Related Concept Videos

Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
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Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
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Structure and function of preQ1 riboswitches.

Catherine D Eichhorn1, Mijeong Kang2, Juli Feigon2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|May 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

PreQ1 riboswitches regulate essential precursor biosynthesis. Structural studies reveal distinct mechanisms for PreQ1-I and PreQ1-II classes, aiding biotechnology applications.

Keywords:
NMRPreQ(0)QueuineQueuosineX-ray crystallographytRNA modification

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • PreQ1 riboswitches control the synthesis and transport of preQ1 (7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine), a key precursor for the modified nucleotide queuosine (Q).
  • Queuosine is crucial for translational fidelity, located at the anticodon wobble position in specific tRNAs across various bacterial phyla.
  • Two distinct classes, preQ1-I and preQ1-II riboswitches, have been identified, each with unique structural characteristics.

Approach:

  • Review of existing literature on preQ1 riboswitches, encompassing discovery, structural biology, and biophysical characterization.
  • Analysis of structural data, including X-ray crystallography and NMR, to understand ligand binding and recognition mechanisms.
  • Exploration of functional aspects such as ligand specificity, cation interactions, folding dynamics, and biotechnological potential.

Key Points:

  • Both preQ1-I and preQ1-II riboswitches form H-type pseudoknots upon binding preQ1, but with unique structural features.
  • PreQ1-I pseudoknots exhibit an unusually long loop 2, while preQ1-II pseudoknots contain an embedded hairpin in loop 3.
  • The aptamer domain of preQ1-I riboswitches is notably small and has been extensively studied using various biophysical techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Structural diversity in preQ1 riboswitches reflects distinct evolutionary paths and regulatory strategies.
  • Understanding these structures and mechanisms provides insights into gene regulation and tRNA modification.
  • PreQ1 riboswitches offer potential applications in biotechnology due to their specific ligand-binding properties.