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Extramedullary spinal cysts in dogs.

Mark L Lowrie1, Simon R Platt, Laurent S Garosi

  • 1Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, England.

Veterinary Surgery : VS
|May 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study clarifies terminology for canine extramedullary spinal cysts, proposing a classification based on cyst location and pathology. It distinguishes discal cysts from acute compressive hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusions (HNPE).

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Comparative Pathology

Background:

  • Extramedullary spinal cysts in dogs are variably classified, leading to diagnostic and therapeutic confusion.
  • Accurate terminology is crucial for understanding canine spinal pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and clarify terminology for canine extramedullary spinal cysts.
  • To propose a standardized classification scheme for these spinal lesions.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed articles on canine spinal cysts was conducted.
  • Searches were performed in PubMed and Google Scholar databases.

Main Results:

  • Forty-two articles published between 1962 and 2013 were analyzed.

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  • Cysts were categorized as meningeal (arachnoid diverticulae, Tarlov cysts) or extradural non-meningeal (vertebral joint, ligament, disc cysts).
  • Discal cysts in dogs appear rare and may represent a distinct entity from acute compressive hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusions (HNPE).

    • Conclusions:

    • A classification system for extramedullary spinal cysts should prioritize location (meningeal vs. extradural non-meningeal) followed by pathological and surgical findings.
    • The term acute compressive HNPE is preferred for specific canine spinal conditions previously labeled as discal cysts.